creates, on the one hand, the usages “the God” and “the god of gods,” and, on the other hand, the contemptuous “non-god” (32:17: loʾ ʾᵉloah; 32:21: loʾ ʾel), and “their mere puffs of air” (32:21: habᵉlehem). Though called gods, the other gods do not really deserve the term, because they are not effective divinities acting with power in the world. YHWH alone is the God with supreme power … 32:39).… It is not enough to observe that Deuteronomy does not deny the existence of other gods. We should also